我国老年人认知水平变化轨迹及其分化

目的 探究影响我国老年人认知水平的变化趋势，分离出年龄、队列效应。方法 基于CLHLS（2002—2018）多重队列追踪数据，以Stata16.0软件为工具，运用分层生长曲线模型进行统计分析。结果 本研究发现，个体行为生活方式、社会经济地位、性别、慢性病数量对认知水平均具有统计学意义；年龄、队列对认知水平的变化具有独立效应；随着年龄的增长，我国老年人认知水平下降，认知水平的城乡、性别差异明显；较年轻出生队列的老年人认知水平较好，认知水平的城乡差异随着队列的年轻化而变大，性别差异在较年轻队列有略微缩小的趋势。结论 影响认知水平因素复杂，认知障碍会增加医疗成本及照护负担，因此需准确把握老年认知水平的变化规律与作用路径，从而为卫生服务、养老保障、长期医疗照护的资源配置提供科学依据。     

OCT及OCTA在阿尔茨海默病诊断中的研究进展

阿尔茨海默病是一种进行性且不可逆转的神经系统疾病,由于视网膜和中枢神经系统有相似的胚胎起源和生理特征,眼科检查可提供简单无创的诊断方法。光学相干断层扫描技术(OCT)能够精确地测量视网膜各个组织层面的厚度,以评估视网膜的退行性改变,光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)可以提供高分辨率三维成像,从而更直观地检测视网膜血管的变化,间接地反映脑神经元和血管的病理特征。就OCT测量视网膜厚度及OCTA测量视网膜血流变化在阿尔茨海默病诊断中的研究进展进行综述。     

微创超声乳化手术前后角膜前后表面及不同区域范围角膜参数的变化

目的：比较白内障微创超声乳化手术前后角膜前表面屈光力(ASF)、角膜真实净屈光力(TNP)和总角膜屈光力(TCRP)分布特点及角膜前后表面曲率半径比(B/F ratio)差异。

方法：前瞻性研究。收集2020-12/2021-05就诊于潍坊眼科医院行2.2mm微切口超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入术的年龄相关性白内障患者156例156眼。术前及术后3mo行Pentacam眼前节生物测量仪检查，收集以角膜顶点和以瞳孔为中心2、4、6mm环上和区域内ASF、TNP和TCRP，以及手术前后B/F ratio。

结果：术后3mo，以角膜顶点为中心2mm直径环上和区域内ASF值较术前均无差异(均P>0.05)，而4、6mm直径环上和区域内ASF值较术前均有差异(均P<0.05)； 以瞳孔为中心2mm直径环上及区域内ASF值较术前均无差异(均P>0.05)。以角膜顶点为中心和以瞳孔为中心2、4、6mm直径环上和区域内TNP、TCRP值较术前均有差异(均P<0.05)。术前以角膜顶点为中心和瞳孔为中心在2mm与6mm之间环上和4mm与6mm之间环上TCRP值均有差异(均P<0.0167)； 在2mm与6mm区域内TCRP值均有差异(均P<0.0167)； 术后3mo，以角膜顶点为中心和瞳孔为中心环上TCRP值在2mm与6mm之间、4mm与6mm之间均有差异(均P<0.0167)，而以角膜顶点为中心和瞳孔为中心区域内TCRP值仅在2mm与6mm直径范围内有差异(P<0.0167)。B/F ratio术前为81.79%±1.87%，术后3mo为80.68%±2.23%(P<0.001)。

结论：白内障手术前后以角膜顶点和以瞳孔为中心的不同直径环上及区域内各项角膜屈光力参数会有一定的变化和差异，人工晶状体度数计算的K值选择及基于角膜特性的人工晶状体个体化选择时应予以考虑。     

Preoperative comprehensive malignancy risk estimation for thyroid nodules: Development and verification of a network-based prediction model

BackgroundIn order to avoid excessive treatment of thyroid nodules in the clinic, it is necessary to find a simple and practical analysis method to comprehensively and accurately reflect benign or malignant thyroid nodules. This study aimed to construct and validate a comprehensive and reliable network-based predictive model using a variety of imaging and laboratory criteria for thyroid nodules to stratify the risk of malignancy prior to surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from patients who underwent surgical treatment for thyroid nodules at the Thyroid and Breast Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January 2018 and December 2020. Binary logical regression analysis was performed to predict whether nodules were malignant or benign. The developmental dataset included 457 patients (January 2018–December 2020). The validation set included separate data points (n = 225, January 2018–December 2020).ResultsIn this study, criteria that showed significant predictive value for malignant nodules included TI-RADS: 4b (p = 0.065); Bethesda IV, Bethesda V, Bethesda VI (P < 0.0001); BRAF^V600E mutation (P < 0.0001); Calcitonin>5 pg/ml (p = 0.0037); and FNA-Tg>30 ng/ml (p = 0.0003). A 10-grade risk scoring system was developed. The risk of malignancy risk ranged from 2.06% to 100% and was positively associated with increasing risk grade. The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of the development and validation sets were 0.972 and 0.946, respectively.ConclusionA simple, comprehensive and reliable web-based predictive model was designed using a variety of imaging and laboratory criteria to stratify thyroid nodules by probability of malignancy.     

Lactobacillus delbrueckii UFV-H2b20 increases IFN-γ production and CD39+CD73+ Treg cell numbers in lungs,and protects mice against experimental allergic asthma

Asthma is a disorder characterized by airflow obstruction, inflammation, declining airway function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and tissue remodelling. Probiotics are defined as “live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host”. The use of probiotics is becoming increasingly studied and recent evidence has suggested that it may provide therapeutic benefits in asthma and other diseases. Lactobacillus delbrueckii UFV-H2b20 fulfils all the requirements to be classified as probiotic. Previous studies have already shown the ability of L. delbrueckii UFV-H2b20 to stimulate the immune system. Our objective was to evaluate the protective effects of L. delbrueckii UFV-H2b20 in experimental allergic asthma. We used a murine model of ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation to mimic allergic asthma. Oral treatment with L. delbrueckii UFV-H2b20 improves respiratory parameters and inhibits the inflammatory response in the lungs by decreasing the numbers of inflammatory monocytes, eosinophils and alveolar macrophages, as well as IgE levels. Treatment increased the IFN-γ/IL-4 cytokine ratio. Levels of IL-10 in the lungs were also increased in treated animals. Our results also showed that the probiotic administration increases the number of CD39⁺CD73⁺ T regulatory lymphocytes in the lung, suggesting a role for purinergic signals in the regulation of inflammation promoted by the treatment. Understanding the mechanisms of modulation of the immune system by probiotics could allow the development of probiotic preparations that are safe and have a direct action. Our results suggest that oral administration of L. delbrueckii UFV-H2b20 could be helpful to treat chronic inflammatory airway diseases, such as asthma.     

人脐带间充质干细胞对大鼠视网膜光损伤的保护作用

目的　观察体外人脐带间充质干细胞（human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells，hUCMSCs）能否由视网膜匀浆上清液诱导分化为神经样细胞及移植到视网膜光损伤大鼠玻璃体内后存活、迁移、整合及分化的情况。方法　无菌条件下采集健康足月剖宫产胎儿的正常脐带组织，经2.5 g·L^-1胰蛋白酶和1 g·L^-1胶原酶消化、贴壁培养获得hUCMSCs。将CM-Dil标记的hUCMSCs注入光损伤大鼠玻璃体内，观察眼内整合分化情况，对正常对照组、光损伤组、PBS治疗组和hUCMSCs治疗组大鼠视网膜外核层层数和厚度进行对比分析。结果　hUCMSCs培养48 h后贴壁生长，呈长梭形，14 d后可见细胞融合成片。光损伤后大鼠视网膜外核层结构紊乱、细胞层数减少，厚度变薄，与正常对照组［（40.73±1.32）μm］相比，hUCMSCs治疗组［（31.28±1.79）μm］与PBS治疗组［（17.21±1.02）μm］及光损伤组［（12.68±1.42）μm］的视网膜外核层厚度均变薄（均为P<0.05）。与光损伤组相比，PBS治疗组和hUCMSCs治疗组视网膜外核层层数显著增加。结论　HUCMSCs移植到光损伤大鼠玻璃体内后能存活、迁移及整合到受损伤视网膜，hUCMSCs玻璃体内移植可抑制光损伤大鼠光感受器的凋亡。     

全身运动质量评估指导高危儿早期干预的研究

目的 通过比较全身运动(GMs)评估正常的高危儿单纯家庭康复训练与家庭康复训练联合药物干预的预后,分析GMs对高危儿早期干预的指导意义。方法 选取2016年2月-2017年2月于潍坊市妇幼保健院康复科就诊并接受GMs评估正常的183例高危儿,随机分组为观察组和对照组,观察组为单纯家庭康复训练组89例,对照组为家庭康复训练联合药物干预组94例。采用Peabody运动发育量表对两组患儿分别于纠正月龄6、9、12个月龄进行评估,对Peabody运动发育量表中各指标应用SPSS 21.0进行统计分析。结果 干预后,纠正月龄6、9、12个月龄时,观察组和对照组Peabody运动发育量表中粗大运动商(GMQ)、精细运动商(FMQ)、总运动商(TMQ)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),重复测量方差分析发现观察组和对照组的GMQ、FMQ、TMQ评分的组间效应差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),时间效应差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),干预因素与时间因素不存在交互作用(P>0.05)。结论 GMs评估对高危儿早期干预具有指导意义。GMs评估正常者,家庭康复训练可达到促进高危儿运动功能发育的目的 ,避免仅因系高危儿而采取“过度干预”。